3 Nephi (LDS 23:14) (RLDS 11:1) And now it came to pass that when Jesus had expounded all the scriptures in one, which they had written, he commanded them that they should teach the things which he had expounded unto them.
In YHWH Elohim’s calendar there are three types of days. First, the work days, that everyone complains about. Second, then there is the weekly Sabbath that no one agrees on when it is, therefore hardly anyone is keeping it. The third type is New Moon Day, that only the Lunar Sabbitarians take seriously.
There are also three types of Sabbaths. First, the weekly sabbath. Second, the High Holidays which are the yearly sabbaths. The annual sabbaths teach the gospel and are prophetic and should be kept forever. The third type of sabbath is New Moon Day. Some people, will do a fireside of sorts on this day, which is nice, but the scriptures state that New Moon Days are non-work days and worship days because they are sabbaths. Not keep the New Moon Day sabbath the way YHWH Elohim states in His word is breaking YHWH’s Torah and thus is sinning.
Without the observing New Moon Day, you will not be keeping YHWH’s weekly Sabbath which is to be determined by the Sun ond the Moon as stated in Genesis 1:14-19 and Leviticus 23:2-3. Leviticus 23:2-3 states that the weekly sabbath is a moed / appointed time. Genesis 1:14,16 states that the moed / appointed time are determined by the sun and the moon.
Genesis 1:14-19 AAAA 14 And God said, AAAB Let there be lights AAAC in the firmament of the heaven AA-BA to divide the day AA-BB from the night; AAAA and let them be for signs, AAA-B and for seasons [MOED: appointed times/meetings], AAA-B and for days, AAAA and years: A-BA 15 And let them be for lights A-B-B in the firmament of the heaven A-B-B to give light upon the earth: A-BA and it was so. A–CA 16 And God [Elohim] made two great lights; A–C-B the greater light [sun] to rule the day, A–C-B and the lesser light [moon] to rule the night: A–CA He [YHWH] made the stars also [stars rule nothing, but they do teach the Gospel see Mazzaroth]. A-BA 17 And God [Elohim] A-B-B set them in the firmament A-B-B of the heaven A-BA to give light upon the earth, AAA 18 And to rule over the day AA-B and over the night, AA–C and to divide the light AA-B from the darkness: AAA and God saw that it was good. BA 19 And the evening BB and the morning BC were the fourth day.
Leviticus 23:2-3 AA 2 Speak unto the children of Israel, AB and say unto them, -BA Concerning the feasts [MOED: appointed times/meetings] -BB of the Lord [YHWH], –C which ye shall proclaim to be HOLY CONVOCATIONS, —D even these are My [YHWH] feasts. —-E 3 Six days shall work be done: —D but the seventh day is the [weekly] sabbath of rest, –C an HOLY CONVOCATIONS; -BA ye shall do no work therein: -BB it is the [weekly] sabbath of the Lord [YHWH] A in all your dwellings.
Here is a list of scripture references that talk about New Moon Day. Some scriptures mention how New Moon Day is a non-work day and also non-commerce. Other scriptures mention how New Moon Day is a worship day or feast day. These two points make New Moon Day one of the three types of Sabbaths.
Ezekiel 46:1-3 A 1 Thus saith the Lord [YHWH] God [Elohim]; -BA The gate of the inner court -BB that looketh toward the east –C shall be shut the six working days; —DA but on the sabbath it shall be opened, —DB and in the day of the new moon it shall be opened. —-E 2 And the prince shall enter —–F by the way of the porch of that gate without, —–F and shall stand by the post of the gate, —-E and the priests shall prepare —DA his burnt offering —D-B and his peace offerings, —D–C and he shall worship —D-B at the threshold of the gate: —DA then he shall go forth; –C but the gate shall not be shut until the evening. -BA 3 Likewise the people of the land -BB shall worship at the door of this gate AA before the Lord [YHWH] AB in the sabbaths AC and in the NEW MOONS.
Numbers 10:10 A Also in the day of your gladness [weekly sabbath], -B and in your solemn days [High Holidays], –C and in the beginnings of your months [NEW MOON DAYS], —D ye shall blow with the trumpets —D over your burnt offerings, –C and over the sacrifices of your peace offerings; -B that they may be to you for a memorial before your God [Elohim]: A I am the Lord [YHWH] your God [Elohim].
Psalm 81:3 A Blow up the trumpet in the NEW MOON [DAY], B in the time appointed, C on our solemn feast day.
Isaiah 66:22-23 [Millennium] 22 For as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, shall remain before Me [YHWH], saith the Lord [YHWH], so shall your seed and your name remain. A 23 And it shall come to pass, -BA that from one NEW MOON [DAY] to another, -BB and from one sabbath to another, -BC shall all flesh come to worship before Me [YHWH], A saith the Lord [YHWH].
Ezekiel 45:17 [Millennium] A And it shall be the prince’s part -BAA to give burnt offerings, -BAB and meat offerings, -BAC and drink offerings, -BBA in the feasts [High Holidays], -BBB and in the NEW MOON [DAYS], -BBC and in the [weekly] sabbaths, –C in all solemnities of the house of Israel: -BA he shall prepare the sin offering, -B-B and the meat offering, -B-B and the burnt offering, -BA and the peace offerings, A to make reconciliation for the house of Israel.
Amos 8:4-6 AA 4 Hear this, AB O ye that swallow up the needy, AC even to make the poor of the land to fail, -BAA 5 Saying, When will the NEW MOON [DAY] be gone, -BAB that we may sell corn? -BBA and the sabbath, -BBB that we may set forth wheat, -BCA making the ephah small, -BCB and the shekel great, -BCC and falsifying the balances by deceit? AA 6 That we may buy the poor for silver, AB and the needy for a pair of shoes; AC yea, and sell the refuse of the wheat?
2 Kings 4:22-24 AA 22 And she called unto her husband, A-B and said, Send me, A–CA I pray thee, A–CB one of the young men, A–CC and one of the asses, A-B that I may run to the man of God [Elohim], AA and come again. -BA 23 And he said, -BB Wherefore wilt thou go to him to day? –C-A it is neither NEW MOON [DAY], –C-B nor [weekly] sabbath. -BA And she said, -BB It shall be well. AA 24 Then she saddled an ass, A-B and said to her servant, A–C Drive, A–C and go forward; A-B slack not thy riding for me, AA except I bid thee.
Colossians 2:16-17 A 16 Let no man [non-believer] -B therefore judge you –CA in meat, –CB or in drink, —D or in respect of an holyday, –CA or of the NEW MOON [DAY], –CB or of the sabbath days: -B 17 Which are a shadow of things to come; A but the body is of Christ [Messiah].
1 Samuel 20 [Two day NEW MOON DAYS Feast] AAA 1 And David fled from Naioth in Ramah, AA-B and came and said before Jonathan, AA–CA What have I [David] done? AA–CB what is mine [David] iniquity? AA–CC and what is my [David] sin AA-B before thy [Jonathan] father [Saul], AAA that he seeketh my life? A-BAA 2 And he [Jonathan] said unto him [David], A-BAB God [Elohim] forbid; A-BAC thou [David] shalt not die: A-B-BA behold, my [Jonathan] father [Saul] A-B-BB will do nothing either great or small, A-B-BC but that he [Saul] will shew it me [Jonathan]: A-BAA and why should my [Jonathan] father [Saul] A-BAB hide this thing from me [Jonathan]? A-BAC it is not so. A–CA 3 And David sware moreover, and said, A–C-B Thy [Jonathan] father [Saul] certainly knoweth A–C–C that I [David] have found grace in thine [Jonathan] eyes; A–C—D and he [Saul] saith, A–C—-E Let not Jonathan know this, A–C—D lest he [Jonathan] be grieved: A–C–C but truly as the Lord [YHWH] liveth, A–C-B and as thy [Jonathan] soul liveth, A–CA there is but a step between me [David] and death. A—DA 4 Then said Jonathan unto David, A—DB Whatsoever thy [David] soul desireth, A—DC I [Jonathan] will even do it for thee. A—-EAA 5 And David said unto Jonathan, A—-EAB Behold, to morrow [30th of moon] is the NEW MOON [DAY], A—-E-B and I [David] should not fail to sit with the king [Saul] at meat: A—-E–C but let me [David] go, A—-E-B that I [David] may hide myself [David] in the field A—-EA unto the third day [2nd of moon, 1st of week] at even. A—-EA 6 If thy [Jonathan] father [Saul] at all miss me [David], A—-E-B then say, David earnestly asked leave of me [Jonathan] A—-E-B that he [David] might run to Beth-lehem his [David] city: A—-EA for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the family. A—DA 7 If he [Saul] say thus, A—D-B It is well; A—D–C thy [Jonathan] servant [David] A—D–C shall have peace: A—D-B but if he [Saul] be very wroth, A—DA then be sure that evil is determined by him [Saul]. A–CA 8 Therefore thou [Jonathan] A–C-B shalt deal kindly with thy [Jonathan] servant [David]; A–C–C for thou [Jonathan] hast brought A–C—D thy [Jonathan] servant [David] A–C—-E into a covenant of the Lord [YHWH] A–C—–F with thee [Jonathan]: A–C—–F notwithstanding, A–C—-E if there be in me [David] iniquity, A–C—D slay me [David] thyself [Jonathan]; A–C–C for why shouldest thou [Jonathan] A–C-B bring me [David] A–CA to thy [Jonathan] father [Saul]? A-BA 9 And Jonathan said, A-B-B Far be it from thee [David]: A-B–C for if I [Jonathan] knew certainly A-B—D that evil were determined A-B–C by my [Jonathan] father [Saul] A-B-B to come upon thee [David], A-BA then would not I [Jonathan] tell it thee [David]? AAA 10 Then said David to Jonathan, AA-B Who shall tell me [David]? AA-B or what if thy [Jonathan] father [Saul] AAA answer thee [Jonathan] roughly? -BAA 11 And Jonathan said unto David, -BAB Come, and let us go out into the field. -BAC And they went out both of them into the field. -B-BAA 12 And Jonathan said unto David, -B-BA-BA O Lord [YHWH] God [Elohim] of Israel, -B-BA-BB when I [Jonathan] have sounded my [Jonathan] father [Saul] -B-BA–C about to morrow [30th of moon, new moon] any time, -B-BA–C or the third day [2nd of moon, 1st of week], -B-BA-BA and, behold, if there be good toward David, -B-BA-BB and I [Jonathan] then send not unto thee [David], -B-BAA and shew it thee [David]; -B-BBA 13 The Lord [YHWH] do so -B-BB-B and much more to Jonathan: -B-BB–C but if it please my [Jonathan] father [Saul] -B-BB—D to do thee evil, -B-BB—-E then I [Jonathan] -B-BB—-E will shew it thee [David], -B-BB—D and send thee [David] away, -B-BB–C that thou [David] mayest go in peace: -B-BB-B and the Lord [YHWH] be with thee [David], -B-BBA as He [YHWH] hath been with my [Jonathan] father [Saul]. -B–CA 14 And thou [David] -B–C-B shalt not only while yet -B–C–C I [Jonathan] live shew me [Jonathan] -B–C-B the kindness of the Lord [YHWH], -B–CA that I [Jonathan] die not: -B—DAA15 But also thou [David] -B—DAB shalt not cut off thy [David] kindness -B—D-BA from my [Jonathan] house for ever: -B—D-BB no, not when the Lord [YHWH] hath cut off -B—DAA the enemies of David -B—DAB every one from the face of the earth. -B—-EAA 16 So Jonathan made a covenant -B—-EAB with the house of David, -B—-EBA saying, Let the Lord [YHWH] -B—-EBB even require it at the hand of David’s enemies. -B—–FA 17 And Jonathan caused David to swear again, -B—–F-B because he [Jonathan] loved him [David]: -B—–F-B for he [Jonathan] loved him [David] -B—–FA as he [Jonathan] loved his [Jonathan] own soul. -B—-EA 18 Then Jonathan said to David, -B—-E-B To morrow is the NEW MOON [DAY] [30th of moon]: -B—-E-B and thou [David] shalt be missed, -B—-EA because thy [David] seat will be empty. -B—DA 19 And when thou [David] hast stayed three days [2nd of moon, 1st of week], -B—D-B then thou [David] shalt go down quickly, -B—D–C and come to the place -B—D–C where thou [David] didst hide thyself [David] -B—D-B when the business was in hand, -B—DA and shalt remain by the stone Ezel. -B–CA 20 And I [Jonathan] will shoot three arrows -B–CB on the side thereof, -B–CC as though I shot at a mark. -B-BAA 21 And, behold, I [Jonathan] will send a lad, -B-BA-BA saying, Go, find out the arrows. -B-BA-B-B If I [Jonathan] expressly say unto the lad, -B-BA-B-B Behold, the arrows are on this side of thee, -B-BA-BA take them; -B-BA–C then come thou [David]: -B-BA-BA for there is peace to thee [David], -B-BA-BB and no hurt; -B-BAA as the Lord [YHWH] liveth. -B-BBAA 22 But if I [Jonathan] say thus unto the young man, -B-BBAB Behold, the arrows are beyond thee; -B-BBBA go thy [David] way: -B-BBBB for the Lord [YHWH] hath sent thee [David] away. -BAA 23 And as touching the matter -BA-B which thou [David] and I [Jonathan] have spoken of, -BA-B behold, the Lord [YHWH] -BAA be between thee [David] and me [Jonathan] for ever. –CAA 24 So David hid himself [David] in the field: –CAB and when the NEW MOON [DAY] [30th of moon] was come, –CAC the king [Saul] sat him down to eat meat. –C-BA 25 And the king [Saul] sat upon his [Saul] seat, –C-B-B as at other times, –C-B–C even upon a seat by the wall: –C-B–C and Jonathan arose, –C-B-B and Abner sat by Saul’s side, –C-BA and David’s place was empty. –C–CAA 26 Nevertheless Saul spake not any thing that day [30th of moon]: –C–CAB for he thought, –C–C-B Something hath befallen him [David], –C–CAA he [David] is not clean; –C–CAB surely he [David] is not clean. –C—DAA 27 And it came to pass on the morrow [2nd of moon, 1st of week], –C—DAB which was the second day of the month [1st of week], –C—D-B that David’s place was empty: –C—D–C and Saul said unto Jonathan his son, –C—D-B Wherefore cometh not the son of Jesse [David] to meat, –C—DAA neither yesterday [1st of moon, NEW MOON DAY], –C—DAB nor to day [2nd of moon, 1st of week]? –C—-EA 28 And Jonathan answered Saul, –C—-EB David earnestly asked leave of me –C—-EC to go to Beth-lehem: –C—–FA 29 And he [Jonathan] said, –C—–F-B Let me [Jonathan] go, –C—–F–C I [Jonathan] pray thee [Saul]; –C—–F—D for our family hath a sacrifice in the city; –C—–F—-E and my brother [David], –C—–F—–F he [David] hath commanded me [Jonathan] to be there: –C—–F—-E and now, if I [Jonathan] have found favour in thine [Saul] eyes, –C—–F—D let me [Jonathan] get away, –C—–F–C I [Jonathan] pray thee [Saul], –C—–F-B and see my [Jonathan] brethren [David]. –C—–FA Therefore he [David] cometh not unto the king’s [Saul] table. –C—-EAA 30 Then Saul’s anger –C—-EAB was kindled against Jonathan, –C—-E-B and he [Saul] said unto him [Jonathan], –C—-E–C Thou son of the perverse rebellious woman, –C—-E-BA do not I [Saul] know that thou [Jonathan] –C—-E-BB hast chosen the son of Jesse [David] –C—-E-BC to thine [Jonathan] own confusion, –C—-EAA and unto the confusion –C—-EAB of thy mother’s nakedness? –C—DAA 31 For as long as the son of Jesse [David] –C—DAB liveth upon the ground, –C—D-B thou [Jonathan] shalt not be established, –C—D–C nor thy [Jonathan] kingdom. –C—D-B Wherefore now send –C—DAA and fetch him [David] unto me [Saul], –C—DAB for he [David] shall surely die. –C–CAA 32 And Jonathan answered Saul his father, –C–CAB and said unto him [Saul], –C–CBA Wherefore shall he [David] be slain? –C–CBB what hath he [David] done? –C-BA 33 And Saul cast a javelin at him [Jonathan] to smite him [Jonathan]: –C-B-B whereby Jonathan knew –C-B-B that it was determined –C-BA of his [Jonathan] father [Saul] to slay David. –CAA 34 So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, –CA-B and did eat no meat –CA–C the second day of the month [1st of week]: –CA-B for he [Jonathan] was grieved for David, –CAA because his [Jonathan] father [Saul] had done him [Jonathan] shame. -BAAAA 35 And it came to pass in the morning, -BAAAB that Jonathan went out into the field -BAABA at the time appointed with David, -BAABB and a little lad with him [Jonathan]. -BABA 36 And he [Jonathan] said unto his [Jonathan] lad, -BAB-B Run, -BAB–C find out now the arrows -BAB–C which I [Jonathan] shoot. -BAB-B And as the lad ran, -BABA he [Jonathan] shot an arrow beyond him [lad]. -B-BAA 37 And when the lad was come -B-BAB to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, -B-B-B Jonathan cried after the lad, -B-B–CAA and said, -B-B–CAB Is not the arrow beyond thee? -B-B–CBA 38 And Jonathan cried -B-B–CBB after the lad, -B-B-B Make speed, haste, stay not. -B-BAA And Jonathan’s lad gathered up the arrows, -B-BAB and came to his [lad] master [Jonathan]. -BAAA 39 But the lad knew not any thing: -BAAB only Jonathan and David knew the matter. -BABA 40 And Jonathan gave his [Jonathan] artillery -BAB-B unto his [Jonathan] lad, -BAB-B and said unto him [lad], -BABA Go, carry them to the city. AA 41 And as soon as the lad was gone, A-B David arose out of a place toward the south, A–CA and fell on his [David] face to the ground, A–C-B and bowed himself [David] three times: A–C–C and they kissed one another, A–C-B and wept one with another, A–CA until David exceeded. A—D 42 And Jonathan said to David, A—D Go in peace, A–CA forasmuch as we have sworn A–C-B both of us in the name [character] of the Lord [YHWH], A–C-B saying, The Lord [YHWH] be between me [Jonathan] and thee [David], A–CA and between my [Jonathan] seed and thy [David] seed for ever. A-B And he [Jonathan] arose and departed: AA and Jonathan went into the city.
Numbers 28:11-15 AA 11 And in the beginnings of your months [NEW MOON DAYS] ABA ye shall offer a burnt offering unto the Lord [YHWH]; ABBA two young bullocks, ABBB and one ram, ABBC seven lambs of the first year without spot; -BAAA 12 And three tenth deals of flour -BAAB for a meat offering, -BABA mingled with oil, -BABB for one bullock; -BBAA and two tenth deals of flour -BBAB for a meat offering, -BBBA mingled with oil, -BBBB for one ram; -BCAA 13 And a several tenth deal of flour -BCAB mingled with oil -BCBA for a meat offering -BCBB unto one lamb; –CA for a burnt offering of a sweet savour, –CB a sacrifice made by fire –CC unto the Lord [YHWH]. -BA 14 And their drink offerings -BBAA shall be half an hin of wine -BBAB unto a bullock, -BBBA and the third part of an hin -BBBB unto a ram, -BBCA and a fourth part of an hin -BBCB unto a lamb: AAA this is the burnt offering of every month AAB throughout the months of the year. ABA 15 And one kid of the goats AB-B for a sin offering unto the Lord [YHWH] AB–C shall be offered, AB-B beside [with] the continual burnt offering, ABA and his drink offering.
Ezekiel 46:6 [Millennium] A And in the day of the NEW MOON [DAY] -BA it shall be a young bullock without blemish, -BB and six lambs, -BC and a ram: A they shall be without blemish.
1 Chronicles 23:31 A And to offer all burnt sacrifices unto the Lord [YHWH] -BA in the [weekly] sabbaths, -BB in the NEW MOON [DAYS], -BC and on the set feasts [High Holidays], AA by number, AB according to the order commanded unto them, AC continually before the Lord [YHWH]:
2 Chronicles 2:4 AB Behold, I build an house A-B to the name [character] A-B of the Lord [YHWH] my God [Elohim], AA to dedicate it to Him [YHWH], -BAA and to burn before Him [YHWH] sweet incense, -BAB and for the continual shewbread, -BAC and for the burnt offerings morning and evening, -BBA on the [weekly] sabbaths, -BBB and on the NEW MOON [DAYS], -BBC and on the solemn feasts [High Holidays] AA of the Lord [YHWH] our God [Elohim]. AB This is an ordinance for ever to Israel.
2 Chronicles 8:13 A Even after a certain rate every day, -B offering according to the commandment of Moses, –CA on the [weekly] sabbaths, –CB and on the NEW MOON [DAYS], –CC and on the solemn feasts [High Holidays], -B three times in the year, AA even in the feast of unleavened bread, AB and in the feast of weeks, AC and in the feast of tabernacles.
2 Chronicles 31:2-4 A 2 And Hezekiah appointed the courses -BA of the priests and the Levites after their courses, -B-B every man according to his service, -BA the priests and Levites –CA for burnt offerings and for peace offerings, –C-B to minister, –C–C and to give thanks, –C-B and to praise –CA in the gates of the tents of the Lord [YHWH]. —DA 3 He appointed also the king’s portion —DBA of his substance for the burnt offerings, to wit, —DBB for the morning and evening burnt offerings, —DCA and the burnt offerings for the [weekly] sabbaths, —DCB and for the NEW MOON [DAYS], —DCC and for the set feasts [High Holidays], –C as it is written in the law [Torah] of the Lord [YHWH]. -BA 4 Moreover he commanded the people -B-B that dwelt in Jerusalem to give the portion -B-B of the priests and the Levites, -BA that they might be encouraged A in the law [Torah] of the Lord [YHWH].
Ezra 3:5 AA And afterward AB offered the continual burnt offering, -BA both of the NEW MOON [DAY], -BB and of all the set feasts [High Holidays] -BC of the Lord [YHWH] that were consecrated, AA and of every one that willingly AB offered a freewill offering unto the Lord [YHWH].
Nehemiah 10:33 AAA For the shewbread, AAB and for the continual meat offering, AAC and for the continual burnt offering, ABA of the [weekly] sabbaths, ABB of the NEW MOON [DAYS], ABC for the set feasts [High Holidays], BAA and for the holy things, BAB and for the sin offerings BBA to make an atonement for Israel, BBB and for all the work of the house of our God [Elohim].
Sadly most people don’t know that Genesis (KJV 1:1-2) (JST 1:3-4) is describing the new moon day of the creation account. It is interesting to note, it was dark and not slightly lit, suggesting dark conjuction and not first visiable crescent, which came from the Muslims, to determine the New Moon. Genesis (KJV 1:1-2) (JST 1:3-4) is one example of New Moon Day is a day for planning.
Genesis (KJV 1:1-2) (JST 1:3-4) [bolds are restorations and strikeouts are removals from JST / Inspired Version / New Translation] A 3 Yea, in the beginning [NEW MOON DAY] -B God createdI [YHWH] formed [planned] the heaven, –C and the earth —D upon which thou standest [arose / keep Torah]. —D 4 And the earth was without formempty [devoid], –C and voiddesolate [deserted of Elohim]; -B and I [YHWH] caused darkness [Satan] A wasto come upon the face of the deep [water / people].
1828 Webster’s Dictionary, FORM: Noun: 3) Model; draught; pattern. 5) Regularity; method; order. This is a rough draught to be reduced to form 10) Likeness; image. 16) A mold; something to give shape, or on which things are fashioned. 17) In printing, an assemblage of types, composed and arranged in order, disposed into pages or columns, and inclosed and locked in a chase, to receive an impression. Verb Transitive: 3) To plan; to scheme; to modify. 6) To contrive; to invent; as, to form a design or scheme. 11) To compile; as, to form a body of laws or customs; to form a digest. 14) To enact; to make; to ordain; as, to form a law or an edict.
1828 Webster’s Dictionary, EMPTY: Adjective: 4) Void; devoid. 5) Void; destitute of solid matter; as empty air. 12) Wanting substance; wanting solidity; as empty dreams.
The 10th day of the 1st moon is a very important day to YHWH Elohim. It is the day we are to select our lamb and buy it, if we didn’t raise it ourselves, for Passover. The fact that we are to purchase and take the lamb only on the 10th day of the 1st moon shows us that there is a need for a third type of day known as New Moon Day. Let me explain. First we need to remember that we are not to do anything with regards to commerce on the seventh day of the week / weekly sabbath. With the unscriptural idea of the continous seven day week, meaning one week starts always after the other, the 10th day of the 1st moon will land on different days of the week, including the seventh day of the week / weekly sabbath. And YHWH’s law / Torah does not state what is to be done when the 10th day of the 1st moon lands on a weekly sabbath, so when people claim you are to do this or to do that, they are adding to YHWH’s word which we are expressly commanded not to do. The reason why YHWH’s law / Torah does not state what to do if the day to select and purchase the lamb for Passover falls on a weekly sabbath is because with YHWH’s Luni Solar Calendar the 10th day of 1st moon will never be a weekly sabbath because the 10th day of all moonths will always be the 2nd day of the week. The reason we are to select the lamb on the 10th day of the 1st moon is because it points to how Yeshua was slain before the foundation of the world and we selected Him before we came to earth. Let me explain, Yeshua came in the end of the 4th millennium just as prophecied to be our light and example of how to keep His law / Torah. The 14th of the 1st moon is when Yeshua gave His life for us as described in Daniel 9 see Law of Moses. Doing some simple math, we would see how the 13th day of the moon goes with the 3rd millennium along with the 12th day of the moon goes with the 2nd millennium and then how the 11th day of the moon goes with the 1st millennium. The 10th day of the moon goes with before the world was created and how Yeshua / Jesus was slain and selected before the foundation of the world. When Yeshua / Jesus entered Jerusalem on the 10th day of the 1st moon, just before His death, the people showed how they selected Him. Yeshua / Jesus also spent the remaining days of His life, till He died at between the evenings on the 14th of the 1st moon, in Jerusalem as talked about in Exodus 12:3-6. Yeshua’s / Jesus’ atonement is for both the Israelites and their neighbors the Gentiles / the World. And considering Yeshua’s / Jesus’ atonement is infinite, believers are to share it with everyone. The fact that the 10th day of the 1st moon was the 2nd day of the week when Yeshua’s / Jesus entry to Jerusalem shows that Palm Sunday is faulty math. Additionally the fact that Sunday is no where in the Bible, will have to be saved for another time.
Exodus 12:3-6 AA 3 Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, A-B In the tenth day of this month [2nd of week] A–C they shall take to them every man a lamb [Yeshua], A-B according to the house of their fathers, AA a lamb [Yeshua] for an house [believers]: -BA 4 And if the household [believers] be too little for the lamb [Yeshua], -B-B let him and his neighbour next unto his house [missionary] -B–C take it according to the number of the souls; -B-B every man according to his eating -BA shall make your count for the lamb [Yeshua]. -BAA 5 Your lamb [Yeshua] -BAB shall be without blemish [without sin], -B-B a male of the first year [prime age]: -BAA ye shall take it out from the sheep [believers], -BAB or from the goats [sinners]: AAA 6 And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day [6th of week] AAB of the same month: A-BA and the whole assembly A-BB of the congregation of Israel AAA shall kill it [lamb / Yeshua] AAB in the evening [between the evenings].
Matzah / Unleaved Bread and Shavuot / Pentecost both have the 1st day of the celebration on the 15th of the moon and the 8th day of the celebartion on the 22nd of the moon as weekly sabbaths declared by the fact we are not to work on them and we are to worship YHWH on them. This is because with YHWH’s Lunar Solar Calendar, the 8th, 15th, 22nd and 29th of the moon are always the 7th day of the week and thus the weekly sabbath. This is made possible because 1st and the 30th of the moon are a third type of day, which is also a third type of sabbath, known as New Moon Day.
In multiple scriptural passages on Matzah / Unleaved Bread, we are told that the first sun light portion of Matzah / Unleaved Bread is the 15th of the moon. Numbers 28:17-25 brings out how the 15th of the moon is a weekly sabbath, which is obvious for those who follow YHWH’s Lunar Solar Calendar. In Leviticus 23:9-14 we are told that First Fruits is the 16th of the moon which is the day after the weekly sabbath which is the 15th of the moon. The 8th day of Matzah / Unleaved Bread which is on the 22nd of the moon is brought out to be weekly sabbath in passages of scriptures shared below, which is in alignment with Lunar Sabbath. One thing that is interesting about presenting the First Fruits when you come into the land that YHWH will give you is how it points to how Yeshua / Jesus will present His Barley / Celestial followers to the Father in Heaven (please see Kingdom of Heaven how the three degrees of glory are all over the Bible).
Leviticus 23:6-8 AA 6 And on the fifteenth day [weekly sabbath, 7th of week] of the same [first] month AB is the feast of unleavened bread unto the Lord [YHWH]: AC seven days ye must eat unleavened bread. -BAA 7 In the first day [of week] [16th of moon] [see Leviticus 23:9-14] -BAB ye shall have an holy convocation [first fruits]: -BAC ye shall do no servile work therein [first fruits]. -BBA 8 But ye shall offer an offering [barley / celestial / heart] -BBB made by fire [purification] -BBC unto the Lord [YHWH] seven [whole] days: AA in the seventh day [of week] [weekly sabbath, 22nd of moon, 8th day] AB is an holy convocation [8th day, weekly sabbath, 7th of week, 22nd of moon]: AC ye shall do no servile work therein [weekly sabbath, 7th of week, 22nd of moon].
Leviticus 23:9-14 AAA 9 And the Lord [YHWH] spake unto Moses, saying, AAB 10 Speak unto the children [believers] of Israel [YHWH], AAC and say unto them, ABA When ye be come into the land [heaven / celestial] ABB which I [YHWH] give unto you, ABC and shall reap the harvest thereof, ACA then ye shall bring a sheaf [barley / people] ACB of the firstfruits [barley / people] ACC of your harvest [barley / people] unto the priest [Yeshua]: -BA 11 And he [priest / Yeshua] shall wave [purify / minister to] -B-B the sheaf before the Lord [YHWH], -B–C to be accepted for you: -B-B on the morrow [morning] [1st of week, 16th of moon] after the sabbath [7th of week, 15th of moon] [see Leviticus 23:6-8] -BA the priest [Yeshua] shall wave [purify / minister to] it. –CAA 12 And ye shall offer –CAB that day [1st of week, 16th of moon] [see Leviticus 23:6-8] –CAC when ye wave [purify / minister to] the sheaf [barley] –C-BA an he [male] lamb [Yeshua] –C-B-B without blemish [sin] –C-B-B of the first year [prime age] –C-BA for a burnt offering –CA unto the Lord [YHWH]. -BAA 13 And the meat [bread / flesh] offering -BA-B thereof shall be two tenth [two groups of 10 commandments] -BA-B deals of fine flour -BAA mingled with oil [Holy Spirit / Torah], -B-BA an offering made by fire [purification] -B-BB unto the Lord [YHWH] for a sweet savour: -BAA and the drink [alcohol] offering thereof -BAB shall be of wine [atonement / joy], -BAC the fourth part of an hin. AA 14 And ye shall eat neither A-BA bread [of new grains], A-BB nor parched [roasted] [of new] corn, A-BC nor [new] green ears, A–C until the selfsame day [first fruits, 1st of week, 16th of moon] [see Leviticus 23:6-8] A—D that ye have brought an offering [barley / people] A—D unto your God [Elohim]: A–C it shall be a statute for ever A-B throughout your generations AA in all your dwellings.
Numbers 28:17-25 AAA 17 And in the fifteenth day of this month [7th of week, weekly sabbath] is the feast: AAB seven days shall unleavened bread be eaten. AB 18 In the first day [15th of moon, 7th of week] shall be an holy convocation [weekly sabbath]; AC ye shall do no manner of servile work therein [weekly sabbath]: -BAA 19 But ye shall offer a sacrifice made by fire [purification] -BAB for a burnt offering unto the Lord [YHWH]; -B-BA two young bullocks, -B-BB and one ram, -B-BC and seven lambs of the first year [prime age]: -BA they shall be unto you without blemish: –CA 20 And their meat [bread / flesh] offering –CB shall be of flour mingled with oil [Holy Spirit / Torah]: —DA three tenth deals shall ye offer for a bullock, —DB and two tenth deals for a ram; —DCA 21 A several tenth deal shalt thou offer —DCB for every lamb, —DCC throughout the seven lambs: —DA 22 And one goat for a sin offering, —DB to make an atonement for you. –CA 23 Ye shall offer these –CB beside the burnt offering in the morning, –CC which is for a continual burnt offering. -BAA 24 After this manner ye shall offer daily, -BAB throughout the seven days, -B-BA the meat of the sacrifice made by fire [purification], -B-BB of a sweet savour unto the Lord [YHWH]: -BAA it shall be offered beside the continual burnt offering, -BAB and his drink offering. AA 25 And on the seventh day [of week] [22nd of moon, weekly sabbath] AB ye shall have an holy convocation [weekly sabbath]; AC ye shall do no servile work [weekly sabbath].
Deuteronomy 16:2-8 AAA 2 Thou shalt therefore sacrifice the passover AA-B unto the Lord [YHWH] thy God [Elohim], AA–C of the flock and the herd, AA–C in the place AA-B which the Lord [YHWH] shall choose AAA to place His [YHWH] name [character] there. ABA 3 Thou shalt eat no leavened bread with it; ABB seven days [14th – 21st] shalt thou eat unleavened bread therewith, ABC even the bread of affliction; -BAA for thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt in haste: -BAB that thou mayest remember -BBA the day when thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt -BBB all the days of thy life. –CA 4 And there shall be no leavened bread –CB seen with thee in all thy coast seven days [14th – 21st]; —DA neither shall there any thing of the flesh [lamb / Yeshua], —D-B which thou sacrificedst the first day [14th of moon] at even [between the evenings], —DA remain [not consumed] all night until the morning. –CA 5 Thou mayest not sacrifice the passover [lamb / Yeshua] –C-B within any of thy gates, –C–C which the Lord [YHWH] thy God [Elohim] giveth thee: –C–C 6 But at the place –C-B which the Lord [YHWH] thy God [Elohim] –CA shall choose to place His [YHWH] name [character] in, -BA there thou shalt sacrifice the passover [lamb / Yeshua] -B-B at even [between the evenings], -B-B at the going down of the sun, -BA at the season that thou camest forth out of Egypt. AAAA 7 And thou shalt roast and eat it [lamb] AAAB in the place AA-B which the Lord [YHWH] thy God [Elohim] shall choose: AAAA and thou shalt turn in the morning, AAAB and go unto thy tents. ABAA 8 Six [additional] days thou shalt eat unleavened bread: ABA-B and on the seventh day [of week] [weekly sabbath, 22nd of moon] ABA–C shall be a solemn assembly [weekly sabbath] ABA-B to the Lord [YHWH] thy God [Elohim]: ABAA thou shalt do no work therein [weekly sabbath].
Scriptures on Sukkot / Tabernacles / Booths bring out how Sukkot / Tabernacles / Booths starts on the 15th of the moon and a weekly sabbath and how the 8th day of the celebration is on the 22nd of the moon and is a weekly sabbath. Both of these days being a weekly sabbath points to YHWH’s Lunar Solar Calendar and the Lunar Sabbath and how there is a third type of day and a third type of sabbath known as the moonly sabbath. In addition how this also happens in the 1st moon for Matzah / Unleaved Bread is not possible without New Moon Day. I find it sad that some people don’t celebrate the 8th day of Sukkot / Tabernacles / Booths, because it represents eternity, and I don’t know about you, but I want to stay and be with YHWH Elohim for eternity.
Leviticus 23:33-36 AA 33 And the Lord [YHWH] spake unto Moses, saying, A-B 34 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, A–C The fifteenth day [7th of week, weekly sabbath] [see Leviticus 23:39] of this seventh month A-B shall be the feast of tabernacles AA for seven days unto the Lord [YHWH]. -BA 35 On the first day [15th of moon, 7th of week, weekly sabbath] [see Leviticus 23:39] -BB shall be an holy convocation [weekly sabbath]: -BC ye shall do no servile work therein [weekly sabbath]. –CA 36 Seven [all] days ye shall offer an offering –CB made by fire [purification] unto the Lord [YHWH]: -BA on the eighth day [22nd of moon, 7th of week, weekly sabbath] [see Leviticus 23:39] -BB shall be an holy convocation [weekly sabbath] unto you; -BC and ye shall offer an offering made by fire [purification] unto the Lord [YHWH]: AA it is a solemn assembly; AB and ye shall do no servile work [weekly sabbath] [see Leviticus 23:39] therein.
Leviticus 23:39 A Also in the fifteenth day of the seventh month [7th of week, weekly sabbath], -B when ye have gathered in the fruit [work] of the land [earth], –C ye shall keep a feast unto the Lord [YHWH] seven days: -B on the first day [15th of moon, 7th of week] shall be a [weekly] sabbath, A and on the eighth day [22nd of moon, 7th of week] shall be a [weekly] sabbath.
Numbers 29:12,35 A 12 And on the fifteenth day of the seventh month [7th of week, weekly sabbath] -B ye shall have an holy convocation [weekly sabbath]; -B ye shall do no servile work [weekly sabbath], A and ye shall keep a feast unto the Lord [YHWH] seven days: … A 35 On the eighth day [22nd of moon, 7th of week, weekly sabbath] B ye shall have a solemn assembly [weekly sabbath]: C ye shall do no servile work therein [weekly sabbath]:
During Feast of Trumpets we are not to work and we are to worship YHWH. That is because Feast of Trumpets is during a moonly sabbath, also known as a New Moon Day, which is a non-work day and a worship day. This is just like how the 15th and 22nd of the moonths for Unleaven Bread and Sukkot / Tabernacles / Booths are weekly sabbaths because they are on the seventh day of the week.
Leviticus 23:24-25 AA 24 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, AB In the seventh month, AC in the first day of the month [NEW MOON DAY], -BA shall ye have a [moonly] sabbath, -BB a memorial of blowing of trumpets [teruah: a shout or a blast] [warning / teaching], -BC an holy convocation [moonly sabbath]. AA 25 Ye shall do no servile work therein [moonly sabbath]: AB but ye shall offer an offering AC made by fire [purification] unto the Lord [YHWH].
Numbers 29:1-6 AA 1 And in the seventh month, A-B on the first day of the month [NEW MOON DAY], A-B ye shall have an holy convocation [moonly sabbath]; AA ye shall do no servile work [moonly sabbath]: -B it is a day of blowing the trumpets [teruah: a shout or a blast] [warning / teaching] unto you. –CAA 2 And ye shall offer a burnt offering –CAB for a sweet savour unto the Lord [YHWH]; –C-BA one young bullock, –C-BB one ram, –C-BC and seven lambs of the first year [prime age] –CA without blemish [without sin]: —DA 3 And their meat [bread / flesh / commandments] offering —DB shall be of flour [grain / Yeshua] mingled with oil [holy spirit / Torah], –CAA three tenth deals for a bullock, –CAB and two tenth deals for a ram, –CBA 4 And one tenth deal for one lamb, –CBB throughout the seven lambs: –CCA 5 And one kid of the goats –CCB for a sin offering, -B to make an atonement for you [we receive forgiveness when we preach YHWH’s truth]: AA 6 Beside the burnt offering of the month [NEW MOON DAY], A-B and his meat [bread] offering, A–C and the daily burnt offering, A—D and his meat [bread / commandments] offering, A—D and their drink [wine / joy] offerings, A–C according unto their manner, A-B for a sweet savour, AA a sacrifice made by fire unto the Lord [YHWH].
Shavuot / Pentecost connection to new Moon day is because, as Philo put it, right after Shavuot / Pentecost is the Celebration of New Moon Day. Shavuot / Pentecost is not to be celebrated in the 3rd moon, but at the end of the 4th moon. This is because there are two counts to determine when Shavuot / Pentecost is. One count of seven Weekly Sabbaths, and then another count of fifty days. I have much from scriptures that support two counts to Shavuot / Pentecost along with this Scripture Study 2023-07-09 I did focused on Shavuot / Pentecost. The only way to get the following statement from Philo to work is to have New Moon Days as a third type of day. Otherwise the 30th day of the 1st moon and the 1st day of the 2nd moon would prevent Philo’s statement from being true, because it would be two days too early.
Immediately after [Shavuot / Pentecost] comes the festival of the sacred moon. The works of Philo, The Special Laws, 2, The Eight Festival, XXI (188), page 586
The scriptures about the seventh day / weekly sabbath, state that we are to rest after six days of work. No where in scriptures does it state that the day after the seventh day / weekly sabbath is always to be a work day. If the scriptures did say that a work day always had to follow the weekly sabbath, Leviticus 23:2-3 would cause a problem, because Leviticus 23:2-3 states that the weekly sabbath is a MOED: appointed times/meetings and Genesis 1:14-19 states that MOED: appointed times/meetings are determined by the SUN and the MOON and the length of the moonth is 29 or 30 days currently. In Adam’s, Noah’s and Moses’ day the Lunar Cycle was always thirty days. After around 700 BC, the Lunar Cycle Changed from always being 30 days to ranging from 29.27 to 29.83, giving us 29 or 30 days for the lunar moonths. These extra days of the moon, the first and the thirtieth, are New Moon Days, and are non-work days and worship days, because they are moonly sabbaths.
Genesis 1:14-19 AAAA 14 And God said, AAAB Let there be lights AAAC in the firmament of the heaven AA-BA to divide the day AA-BB from the night; AAAA and let them be for signs, AAA-B and for seasons [MOED: appointed times/meetings], AAA-B and for days, AAAA and years: A-BA 15 And let them be for lights A-B-B in the firmament of the heaven A-B-B to give light upon the earth: A-BA and it was so. A–CA 16 And God [Elohim] made two great lights; A–C-B the greater light [sun] to rule the day, A–C-B and the lesser light [moon] to rule the night: A–CA He [YHWH] made the stars also [stars rule nothing, but they do teach the Gospel see Mazzaroth]. A-BA 17 And God [Elohim] A-B-B set them in the firmament A-B-B of the heaven A-BA to give light upon the earth, AAA 18 And to rule over the day AA-B and over the night, AA–C and to divide the light AA-B from the darkness: AAA and God saw that it was good. BA 19 And the evening BB and the morning BC were the fourth day.
Leviticus 23:2-3 AA 2 Speak unto the children of Israel, AB and say unto them, -BA Concerning the feasts [MOED: appointed times/meetings] -BB of the Lord [YHWH], –C which ye shall proclaim to be HOLY CONVOCATIONS, —D even these are My [YHWH] feasts. —-E 3 Six days shall work be done: —D but the seventh day is the [weekly] sabbath of rest, –C an HOLY CONVOCATIONS; -BA ye shall do no work therein: -BB it is the [weekly] sabbath of the Lord [YHWH] A in all your dwellings.
Exodus 20:8-11 A 8 Remember the sabbath day, -B to keep it holy. –CAA 9 Six days shalt thou labour, –CAB and do all thy work: –CBA 10 But the seventh day is the sabbath –CBB of the Lord [YHWH] thy God [Elohim]: —DA in it thou shalt not do any work, —D-B thou, —D–CA nor thy son, —D–CB nor thy daughter, —D–CA thy manservant, —D–CB nor thy maidservant, —D-B nor thy cattle, —DA nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: –CAA 11 For in six days the Lord [YHWH] made –CA-B heaven –CA–C and earth, –CA-B the sea, –CAA and all that in them is, –CB and rested the seventh day: -B wherefore the Lord [YHWH] blessed the sabbath day, A and hallowed it.
Deuteronomy 5:12-16 A 12 Keep the sabbath day -BA to sanctify it, -B-B as the Lord [YHWH] thy God [Elohim] -BA hath commanded thee. –CAA 13 Six days thou shalt labour, –CAB and do all thy work: –C-B 14 But the seventh day is the sabbath –CAA of the Lord [YHWH] thy God [Elohim]: –CAB in it thou shalt not do any work, —DAA thou, —DAB nor thy son, —DAC nor thy daughter, —D-BA nor thy manservant, —D-BB nor thy maidservant, —D–CAA nor thine ox, —D–CAB nor thine ass, —D–CAC nor any of thy cattle, —D–CB nor thy stranger —D–CC that is within thy gates; —D-BA that thy manservant —D-BB and thy maidservant —DA may rest as well as thou. –CAA 15 And remember that thou wast a servant in the land of Egypt, –CAB and that the Lord [YHWH] thy God [Elohim] –C-BA brought thee out thence –C-BB through a mighty hand –CAA and by a stretched out arm: –CAB therefore the Lord [YHWH] thy God [Elohim] -B commanded thee A to keep the sabbath day.
Mosiah (LDS 13:16-19) (RLDS 7:116-118) A 16 Remember the sabbath day, -B to keep it holy. –CAA 17 Six days shalt thou labor, –CAB and do all thy work; –CBA 18 But the seventh day, the sabbath of the Lord thy God, thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates; –CA 19 For in six days the Lord made –C-B heaven –C–C and earth, –C-B and the sea, –CA and all that in them is; -B wherefore the Lord [YHWH] blessed the sabbath day, A and hallowed it.
First Fruits is the 16th of the 1st moon which is the 1st day of the week.
Shavuot / Pentecost, when the 3rd moon has 30 days it, will be on the 28th of the 4th moon which is the 6th day of the week. (This goes along with the 14th day of the 1st moon aka Passover.)
Day of Atonement is the 10th of the 7th moon which is the 2nd day of the week. (This goes along with the 10th day of the 1st moon choosing the lamb.)
For those who claim the weekly sabbath can’t be determined from New Moon Day because the Jews use a continous seven day week right now, I believe its because they don’t know about how Hillel II changed the Jewish calendar to align with the Julian calendar during the 4th century removing New Moon Day and adding non-scriptural postponement days to prevent the 10th day of the 1st moon from being on a weekly sabbath see Calendar Changes, they also don’t know about the many Calendar Changes the Gregorian Calendar has had through out history, which includes changing Saturday from the first day of the week to the seventh placing Sunday which was the second day to the first. Nor do they know of the prophecies from holy prophets inspired by YHWH’s Spirit, state in Lamentations 2:5-6 that the southern kingdom known as Judah will loose the weekly sabbath, along with Hosea 2:11 bringing out how the northen kingdom known as Israel will also loose the sabbaths. The sabbath which are lost are the weekly, moonly and yearly because all of these are determined by the Sun and Moon, see Genesis 1:14-19 and Leviticus 23:2.
Lamentations 2:5-6 A 5 The Lord [YHWH] was as an enemy: -B He [YHWH] hath swallowed up Israel, –C He [YHWH] hath swallowed up all her [Israel] palaces: —D He [YHWH] hath destroyed His [YHWH] strong holds, —-E and hath increased in the daughter of Judah —-E mourning and lamentation. —DA 6 And He [YHWH] hath violently taken away —DB His [YHWH] tabernacle, —DC as if it were of a garden: –C He [YHWH] hath destroyed His [YHH] places of the assembly: -BA the Lord [YHWH] hath caused -BB the solemn feasts and sabbaths to be forgotten in Zion, AA and hath despised in the indignation AB of His [YHWH] anger the king and the priest.
Hosea 2:11 AA I [YHWH] will also cause all her [Israel] mirth to cease, AB her [Israel] feast days, -B her new moons, -B and her sabbaths, A and all her [Israel] solemn feasts.
STU Amos 6:3 AA The ones AB coming unto an evil day; BA the ones BB approaching and attaching to false Sabbaths.
Not to mention that the Jews / Israelites admit in their own modern writings that the weekly sabbath used to be based upon the cycle of the moon or in others words counted after New Moon Day.
The New Moon is still, and the Sabbath originally was, dependent upon the lunar cycle. Both date back to the nomadic period of Israel. Originally the New Moon was celebrated in the same way as the Sabbath; gradually it became less important while the Sabbath became more a day of religion and humanity, of religious meditation and instruction, of peace and delight of the soul. The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, page 410
Maimonides and most other Jewish chronologers agree that the modern Jewish calendar is based upon the “mean motions of the sun and moon, the true [calendar] having been set aside.” Maimonides, Kiddusch Ha-hodesch, Tr. Mahler, Wein, 1889
In the time of the earliest prophets, the New Moon stood in the same line with another lunar observance, the Sabbath. Scribner’s Dictionary of the Bible, 1898 edition, page 521
… each lunar month was divided into four parts, CORRESPONDING TO THE FOUR PHASES OF THE MOON. The first week of each month BEGAN WITH THE NEW MOON, so that, as the lunar month was one or two days more than four periods of seven days, these additional days were not reckoned [counted] at all. Article “Week”, The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume 10, page 482
Sabbath and New Moon (Rosh Hodesh), both periodically recur in the course of the year. The New Moon is still, and the Sabbath originally was, dependent upon the lunar cycle. Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, p. 410
…Shabbat [weekly Sabbath] originally arose from the lunar cycle, containing four weeks ending in Sabbath, plus one or two additional unreckoned days per [lunar] month. The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia: An Authorative and Popular Presentation of Jews and Judaism Since the Earliest Times. Volume 10 Cohen, Simon (1943 p 482-483. “Week.” In Landman, Isaac
And then the moon, ever punctual to mark the times, [as] an everlasting sign: It is the moon that signals the feasts, a luminary that wanes after being full. The month derives its name from hers. She waxes wonderfully in her phases, banner of the hosts on high, shining in the vault of heaven. Ecclesiasticus 43:6-8, c.a. 190-180 BC
At first the New Moon festival was not counted among the seven days of the week; after 28 days had elapsed [7 days x 4 weeks], one or two days were intercalated as New Moon days, whereupon a new cycle of four weeks began, so that the Sabbath was a movable festival….Later the week and the Sabbath became fixed [to the Roman cycling planetary 8 week]; and this gradually resulted in taking away from the New Moon festival its popular importance…. The Jewish Encyclopedia, “Pastoral Feast.”
The Sabbath depending, in Israel’s nomadic period, upon the observation of the phases of the moon, it could not, accordingly be a fixed day [planetary day of the modern Roman cycling week]. The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History. Edited by Isidore Singer, Cyrus Adler. Volume 10, p. 590
But to the seventh-day of the week He [YEHOVAH] has assigned the greatest festivals, those of the longest duration, at the periods of the equinox both vernal and autumnal in each year; appointing two festivals for these two epochs, each lasting seven days; the one which takes place in the spring being for the perfection of what is being sown, and the one which falls in autumn being a feast of thanksgiving for the bringing home of all the fruits which the trees have produced…. F.H. Colson’s translation of Philo’s THE DECALOGUE XXX (159)
In the Diaspora the New Moon came to occupy a secondary position in contrast to the Sabbath; the prohibition against work and the carrying on of commerce was lifted, and the New Moon, although still celebrated by means of increased offerings, soon was reduced to the rank of a minor of half holiday. Its importance was confined to the fact that it remained of great value and necessity for the fixing of the festivals. Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, “New Moon,” Vol. 8, p. 171
The period of New Moon was, in pre-exilic [Babylonian] times, celebrated by cessation of labor; it was superior even to the Sabbath-day, which formed but a part of it [four Sabbaths within its lunar cycle] (see I Sam. 20:18-34; 2 Kings 4:23; Amos 8:5; Hos. 2:11 [A. V. 11]; Ezek. 46:3); but it lost its importance during the Exile and was observed mainly as the determining factor of the calendar with its festivals… In the Temple, New Moon [Day] was celebrated by special sacrifices [which differentiated it from work days and seventh-day Sabbaths] (Num. 28:11-15; 2 Chron. 2:4, 8:13; Ezra 3:5; Neh. 10:33) and by the blowing of the trumpet (Num. 10:10)… Jewish Encyclopedia, 1906 Edition, New Moon, Kaufmann Kohler, Vol. 9, p. 243.
Declaring the new month by observation of the new moon, and the New Year by the arrival of spring, can only be done by the Sanhedrin. In the time of Hillel II [4th century A. D.], the last President of the Sanhedrin, the Romans prohibited this practice. Hillel II was therefore forced to institute his fixed calendar, thus in effect giving the Sanhedrin’s advance approval to the calendars of all future years. The Jewish Calendar: Changing the Calendar, www.torah.org
Several customs which prevailed during the age between the Exodus of the Israelites and the resurrection of Christ had so completely changed by the seventeenth Christian century that the translators of the “Authorized Version” of the English Bible were not able to perceive some important truths taught in the Greek version of the Old Testament and the Greek New Testament. Unseen truth would not be clearly translated into the English Bible. The student who of necessity was limited in his studies to the English version would not be able to see more truth than was expressed in the English version. . . Second—Since the Jews for more than sixteen centuries have been observing a Saturday Sabbath, and since Christians have been for more than eighteen centuries having a fixed Sunday Sabbath, it is only reasonable to expect most Sabbath writers to try and interpret all Bible Sabbath teachings on the theory of fixed septenary cycles [unbroken cycles of seven days]. But the noted Rabbi Hirsch believes and teaches that “The old (Jewish) Sabbath had no connection with a fixed [cycling] week.” Third—The passing out of sight of the old Bible lunar calendar and the now almost universal effort to interpret the Bible upon the basis of solar calendars. . . Sixth—The losing sight of the use of uncounted days in the Bible calendar. . . Because of the failure to note the above mentioned difficulties it has become quite difficult so to write or teach as to be clearly understood about the Bible Sabbaths. Sunday the World’s Rest Day, The Sabbath – The Lord’s Day, by Rev. Samuel W. Gamble, D.D. p. 81-82, Published for the New York Sabbath Committee, Doubleday, Page and Company, New York, 1916
The moon was the beneficent… [herald] of the shepherds in the region and climate where ancient Israel had its ancestral home. Hence the many traces of lunar institutions in even the latest Israelitish cult and its phraseology… The Sabbath, as marking the end of the week, reveals its lunar origin; the phases of the moon having taught the shepherds, whose weal or woe depends so largely upon the benevolence or malevolence of the night season, to divide the period elapsing between two new moons into four equal groups (weeks), the last day of each… Indications are not wanting that at first the New Moon festival was not counted among the seven days of the week (see Week);but after… New Moon days… a new cycle of four weeks began… Later, the week and the Sabbath became fixed [according to the Babylonian/Roman continuous weekly cycle]; and this gradually resulted in taking away from the New Moon festival its popular importance. Jewish Encyclopedia, the unedited full-text of the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, “Festivals,” Pastoral Feasts, Emil Hirsch, Vol. 5, p. 376
Lost and forgotten history also atests that all cultures used to celebrate New Moon Day and that the weekly sabbath was counted after New Moon Day. The Lunar Cycle Change that happened around 700 BC is what started the many Calendar Changes around the world.
The first day of the lunar month was observed as a holy day….As on the Sabbath, trade and handicraft work were stopped (Amos 8:5; Ezekiel 46:3) and the temple was opened for public worship….It was an occasion for state banquets (1 Sam. 20:5-24). Smith’s Bible Dictionary (1884): “New Moon”
…The Hebrew Sabbath (i.e. Creation Sabbath) was originally a Sabbathon — i.e. a day of propitiation and appeasement; marked by atoning rites…it was celebrated at intervals of seven days, ..corresponding with the changes in the moon’s phases…. Encyclopaedia Biblica, 1899, p. 4180
The Hebrew month is a lunar month and the quarter of this period — one phase of the moon — appears to have determined the week of seven days. Encyclopaedia Biblica, 1899, p. 4780
The changes in the calendric position of the weekly religious rest day have been few from pre-historic times to the present day. The Sabbath which came down to the Jews from pre-historic [prior to Moses] times was the seventh day of the lunar week. The lunar week and the lunar month gave the simplest form of time division to early man…Moon and month meant the same thing. The division of the month into four weeks of seven days left the so-called epagomenal days which had to be neglected, and the weekly division begun again at the time of the next new moon. The change from the lunar week to the seven-day week running continuously through the year, while a momentous change, was unrecorded. The use of two styles of weeks seems to have existed together, and the more modern seven-day week slowly, but finally, supplanted its ancient but inexact competitor. The lunar week was simple and serviceable….We no longer say three barley corns round and dry make one inch, but that was a measure which served our ancestors very acceptably for all practical purposes. When the continuous seven-day week was generally accepted, then it was linked with the past, as we now date events before Christ by a scale unknown to the people and historians of those times….The lunar Sabbath was succeeded by the seven-day weekly Sabbath without confusion, and the mention of the Sabbath in Exodus 31:13 and elsewhere, may be taken to refer to the lunar day. Sunday the World’s Rest Day, “The Sabbath, the Day Which Divine Love Established and Human Love Must Preserve,” Theodore Gilman, p. 479. Published for the New York Sabbath Committee, Doubleday, Page and Company, New York, 1916
The arrangement of the Jewish calendar as used in the time of Christ is no longer operative. Modern Jews are divided into two classes. The Karaite Jews, whose numbers are small, reject tradition and the Talmud, observe their feasts and festivals more nearly with those of Christ’s time as regards the true season, while the larger number of Jews follow the Rabbinical Calendar, the product of Rabbi Hillel and others about 353 A.D., which incorporates into it many of the ancient rules of calculation, but begin their year, and feasts and festivals a month earlier in the season than the Karaites as compared with our Calendar, as we have in 1844 the atonement by the Rabbinical Calendar would be September 23rd, while by the Karaites it was about that time in October. By the Rabbinical calendar the First day of Nisan is always between March 12 and April 11, and is always one of four days, Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday or Saturday the first one after the new moon for that month. Creation Centered in Christ, by H.G. Guinness, D.D., page 276. Also from Approximate Chronology, H. H. Perry, p. 21-22
The Jewish and astrological weeks evolved quite independently of one another. However, given the coincidence of their identical length, it was only a matter of time before some permanent correspondence between particular Jewish days and particular planetary days would be made. A permanent correspondence between the Sabbath and “the day of Saturn” was thus established…[some time] later than the first century of the present era, Jews even came to name the planet Saturn Shabtai, after the original Hebrew name of the Sabbath, Shabbath. Moreover, as they came into closer contact with Hellenism, their conception of their holy day was evidently affected by the astrological conception of Saturn as a planet that has an overwhelming negative influence (a conception which, incidentally, is still evident even from the association of the English word “saturnine” with a gloomy disposition.) There are traditional Jewish superstitious beliefs about demons and evil spirits that hold full sway on the Sabbath, and an old Jewish legend even links the choice of “the day of Saturn” as the official Jewish rest day with the superstition that it would be an inauspicious day for doing any work anyway! The Seven Day Circle: the History and Meaning of the Week, Eviatar Zerubavel, The Free Press, New York, 1985, p. 17
The dissociation of the week from a natural cycle such as the waxing and waning of the moon can be seen as part of a general movement toward introducing a supernatural deity. Not being personified as any particular natural force, the Jewish god was to be regarded as untouched by nature in any way. Accordingly, the day dedicated to this god was to be regarded as part of a divine temporal pattern that transcends even nature itself. That obviously involved dissociating the week from nature and its rhythms. Only by being based on an entirely artificial mathematical rhythm could the Sabbath observance become totally independent of the lunar or any other natural cycle. The Seven Day Circle: the History and Meaning of the Week, Eviator Zerubavel, The Free Press, New York, 1985, p. 11
Early historical records clearly confirm that very early Gentile Christians also kept the same [lunar] Sabbath Calendar as the…Nazarenes. This practice was first changed by [Pope] Sixtus in 126 A.D. and later officially changed by a royal Roman decree from the emperor Constantine. Observance of the Sabbath day was made illegal and observance of a “Sunday” of a FIXED WEEK was made mandatory for all except farmers. Previous to this time the ROMAN SATURDAY was the FIRST DAY OF THE ROMAN WEEK. The veneration of the Sun in the second century A.D. began to pressure Roman culture to change the first day of their week FROM SATURNDAY TO SUNDAY. (Had the Jews been observing this same Roman calendar at this early date, as some maintain, then their seventh day Sabbath would have been on FRIDAY which was the traditional seventh day of this Roman calendar during the first century A.D.). (ibid.) In 130, Hadrian visited the ruins of Jerusalem left after the First Roman-Jewish War of 66–73. He promised to rebuild the city, but planning it as a pagan metropolis to be called Aelia Capitolina. A new pagan temple on the ruins of the Second Temple was to be dedicated to Jupiter. In addition, Hadrian abolished circumcision (brit milah), which he, as an avid Hellenist, viewed as mutilation. A Roman coin inscribed Aelia Capitolina was issued in 132. Hadrian’s policies triggered the massive Jewish uprising (132–135), led by Bar Kokhba and Akiba ben Joseph. Following the outbreak of the revolt, Hadrian called his general Sextus Julius Severus from Britain, and troops were brought from as far as the Danube. Roman losses were very heavy, and it is believed that an entire legion, the XXII Deiotariana was destroyed. Roman losses were so heavy that Hadrian’s report to the Roman Senate omitted the customary salutation “I and the legions are well.” Hadrian’s army eventually defeated the revolt however. According to Cassius Dio, during the war 580,000 Jews were killed, 50 fortified towns and 985 villages razed. After the end of the war, Hadrian continued the religious persecution of Jews, according to the Babylonian Talmud. He attempted to root out Judaism, which he saw as the cause of continuous rebellions, prohibited the Torah law, the Hebrew calendar and executed Judaic scholars. The sacred scroll was ceremoniously burned on the Temple Mount. At the former Temple sanctuary, he installed two statues, one of Jupiter, another of himself. In an attempt to erase any memory of Judea, he removed the name from the map and replaced it with Syria Palaestina, after the Philistines, the ancient enemies of the Jews. He re-established Jerusalem as the Roman pagan polis of Aelia Capitolina, and Jews were forbidden from entering it. Hadrian from Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia
In the mid-1st century B.C. Julius Cæsar invited Sosigenes, an Alexandrian astronomer, to advise him about the reform of the calendar, and Sosigenes decided that the only practical step was to abandon the lunar calendar altogether. Months must be arranged on a seasonal basis, and a tropical [solar] year used, as in the Egyptian calendar. The Julian Calendar, Encyclopedia Britannica.
This change from the luni-solar to a fixed solar calendar occurred in Rome during the repressive measures which were enacted against ALL Jewish customs…during the reign of Emperor Hadrian. With the fall of the Nazarene headquarters…at Jerusalem, this new Roman calendar quickly spread throughout ‘Christendom.’ This new calendar not only replaced yearly festival dates such as Passover, but it also revamped the concept of the week and its seventh day. Iranaeus 2nd Century A.D.
The…[lunar-solar] calendar was used by ALL the original disciples of Yeshua…This original Nazarene lunar-solar calendar was supplanted by a Roman “planetary week” and calendar in 135 C.E. — when the “Bishops of the Circumcision” were displaced from Jerusalem. This began a three hundred year controversy concerning the TRUE CALENDAR AND CORRECT SABBATH: This [calendar] controversy arose after the exodus of the bishops of the circumcision and has continued until our time. Epiphanius, HE4, 6, 4
In the years following Clement of Alexandria’s time, an ominous change started to take place that was to radically change the Christian concept of the Sabbath. “This intimate connection,” records the Encyclopedia Biblica, “between the week and the month was soon dissolved. It is certain that the week soon followed a development of its own, and it became the custom – without paying any regard to the days of the month (i.e. the lunar month).” Encyclopedia Biblica, The MacMillan Company, 1899. p. 5290
The early Christians had at first adopted the Jewish [lunar] seven-day week with its numbered weekdays, but by the close of the third century A.D. this began to give way to the planetary week; and in the fourth and fifth centuries the pagan designations became generally accepted in the western half of Christendom. The use of the planetary names by Christians attests to the growing influence of astrological speculations introduced by converts from paganism. Rest Days: A Study in Early Law and Morality. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1916, p. 220
The present Jewish calendar was FIXED in the fourth century. Jewish Theological Seminary of America, Letter by Louis Finkelstein to Dr. L. E. Froom, Feb. 20, 1939. Regarding the present Jewish calendar
…it appeared an unworthy thing that in the celebration of this most holy feast we should follow the practice of the Jews, who have impiously defiled their hands with enormous sin, and are, therefore, deservedly afflicted with blindness of soul….Let us then have nothing in common with the detestable Jewish crowd; for we have received from our Saviour a different way. Life of Constantine, Eusebius, Book 3, Chapter 18, [recorded words of Constantine]
This intimate connection between the week and the month was soon dissolved. It is certain that the week soon followed a development of its own, and it became the custom — without paying any regard to the days of the month (i.e. the luni-solar month)…so that the New Moon no longer coincided with the first day of the month. The introduction…of the custom of celebrating the Sabbath every 7th day, irrespective of the relationship of the day to the moon’s phases, led to a complete separation from the ancient view of the Sabbath…. Encyclopaedia Biblica, 1903 p. 5290
It should be noted that the oldest dated Christian inscription to employ a planetary designation [Sunday — Saturday, unbroken cycle of weeks] belongs to the year 269 A.D. Inscriptiones Christianae urbis Romae, ed. De Rossi, 1861, i, No. 1
The present Jewish calendar was fixed [to the Roman planetary weekly cycle] in the fourth century. Jewish Theological Seminary of America, Letter by Louis Finkelstein to Dr. L. E. Froom, Feb. 20, 1939
By cautioning the Colossian members not to let others judge them for how they observed the festivals, New Moon celebrations and Sabbaths, Paul didn’t question whether they should be kept. The obvious implication of these verses is that these Gentile Christians were in fact observing these days, and in no way did Paul tell them to desist…the festivals, New Moons, and Sabbaths, since the calendar governing those days was determined by movements of the heavenly bodies. Sunset to Sunset: God’s Sabbath Rest, p. 45
HILLEL (II; 330-365 CE), nasi, the son of Judah Nesi’ah and a grandson of Gamaliel IV. After the crushing of the revolt of the Jews against the emperor Gallus and his commander Ursicinus in 351-352 CE, which resulted in the destruction of many jewish communities (Sepphoris, Tiberias, Lydda), new decrees were issued against the internal authority of the communities, and also against the obzervance of Judaism. The Roman government aspired to limit the privileges of the nasi and the freedom of action of the Sanhedrin in Tiberias. Because of the serious condition of the communities of Erez Israel and the deterioration of the Galilean center, Hillel II agreed in principle to limit the authority of the nasi and his functions in connection with the proclamation of the New Moon, the fixing of the festivals, and intercalation of the year. He thereupon published Sod ha-Ibbur (“The Secret of Intercalation”) and Kevi’uta de-Yarha (“The Fixing of the New Month”). According to a tradition mentioned by Hai Gaon and quoted in the Sefer ha-Ibbur of Abraham bar Hiyya (ed by H Filipowski (1851), 97) this took place in 358 CE. Important too is the testimony of Nahmanides in the Sefer ha-Zakkut (Git, ch 4, Legorn (1745), 43a): “From the time of Hillel .. In the year 670 of the Seleucid era, 4118 AM [358 CE], the Sanhedrin in Eraz Israel ceased and it ceased to have experts, and it was he who regulated the order of intercalation, rekoned the years, and fixed the months for generation to come.” Some regard the year 344 as that in which the NEW CALENDAR WAS INTRODUCED, and it is possible that it was not immediately publicized to the same degree in all localities (Mahler). The opinion has been expressed that Hillel II was not the original creator of the FIXED CALENDAR but that it was the result of centuries of development which aimed at achieving a perfected system of FIXING THE CALENDAR. Encyclopedia Judaica, Second Edition, Vol 9, HILLEL II (330-365 CE), page 110
Some Dead Sea Scrolls, such as 4Q325, 4Q326, 4Q327, and 4Q394, contain fixed week calendar systems which may represent an early attempted transition from the more ancient lunar phase week toward the modern fixed week made mandatory by Rome a few centuries later. Dead Sea Scroll fragments also preserve a luni-solar calendar, along with new and dark moons which are unnecessary if they only kept the purely solar calendar of 364 days. Author Unknown
… the present Jewish calendar was introduced by the patriarch Hillel II … in 358 / 359 CE. Encyclopedia Judaica, Copyright 1971, Jerusalem, Israel, Vol 5, Calendar, page 48
By the tenth century the Jewish calendar was exactly the same as today. Encyclopedia Judaica, Copyright 1971, Jerusalem, Israel, Vol 5, Calendar, page 50
…There was a distinct break between the Old Testament requirements…dealing with the Sabbath worship….They wanted to show that Christianity was distinct from Judaism….The other thing that we should remember, too, is that our calendar that we follow, including Seventh-day Adventists, is not only a calendar that was devised by the Catholic Church, but also it is a calendar that’s based upon the solar year, not the lunar year and the Jewish calendar that was observed in the time of Christ follows a lunar [lunisolar] calendar….So the great irony is that even the Seventh-day Adventists themselves are not worshipping on exactly the same Sabbath day as the Jews of the time of Christ. Patrick Madrid, Catholic Priest and conservative made the startling comment on EWTN, Global Catholic Radio Network on Jan 5, 2006 when answering a question about the Catholic Church changing the day of worship from Saturday to Sunday
The [early] Hebrews employed lunar seven-day weeks, which ended with special observances on the seventh day, but none the less were tied to the moon’s course. Rest Days, Hutton Webster, p. 254-255
The weeks do not continue in a regular cycle regardless of the moon. Each month has four weeks, the beginning with the New Moon. I have no doubt that this was the old Hebrew system. Babylonian Menologies and the Semitic Calendars, p. 89
It is powerfully urged by the believers in a primitive Sabbath, that we find from time immemorial the knowledge of a week of 7 days among all nations — Egyptians, Arabians, Indians — in a word, all the nations of the East, have in all ages made use of this week of 7 days, for which it is difficult to account without admitting that this knowledge was derived from the common ancestors [Adam and Eve] of the human race. Among all early nations the lunar months were the readiest large divisions of time….In order to connect the reckoning by weeks with the lunar month, we find that all ancient nations observed some peculiar solemnities to mark the day of the New Moon. Accordingly, in the Mosaic law the same thing was also enjoined (Numbers 10:10; 28:11, etc.), though it is worthy of remark that, while particular observances are here enjoined, the idea of celebrating the New Moon in some way is alluded to as if already familiar to them. In other parts of the Bible, we find the Sabbaths and New Moons continually spoken of in conjunction; as (Isaiah 1:13, etc.) the division of time by weeks prevailed all over the East, from the earliest periods among the Assyrians, Arabs, & Egyptians. It was found among the tribes in the interior of Africa….The Peruvians counted their months by the moon, their half-months by the increase and decrease of the moon…without having any particular names for the week days. The Popular and Critical Bible Encyclopedia, 1904. Vol. 3, p. 1497
The connection of the Sabbath with lunar phases, however, was (later) discarded by the Israelites…. The New Schaff-Herzog Religious Encyclopedia, p. 135-136
…the Jewish festivals being regulated solely by the moon, may fall on any day of the [modern Roman] week. Oxford English Dictionary, 1971 Edition, Vol. 2, “Pentecost”
It is certain that the Jews celebrated the sheaf-waving on Nisan 16 and Pentecost on the fiftieth day after…without regard in either case to the day of the [modern Roman] week. Oxford English Dictionary, 1971 Edition, Vol. 2, “Pentecost”
Even after Constantine’s edict about Sunday, it took another generation or two for the seven-day week to catch on throughout the empire. The 24-hour system took longer, having to wait until the invention of the mechanical clock in the Middle Ages by monks anxious to observe with precision their canonical hours. Before this, people marked the passage of time during the night by using the stars and during the day either by eyeballing the sun or by listening to public announcements of the time. Calendar, David Ewing Duncan, p. 47, New York, Avon Books, 1998
The Roman eight-day week was known as internundinum tempus or “the period between ninth-day affairs.” (This term must be understood within the context of the ancient Roman mathematical practice of inclusive counting, whereby the first day of a cycle would also be counted as the last day of the preceding cycle. The “ninth-day affair” around which this week revolved was the nundinæ, a periodic market day that was held regularly every eight days. J. P. V. D. Balsdon, Life and Leisure in Ancient Rome, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1969), p. 59; P. Huvelin, Essai Historique sur le Droit des Marcheés et des Foires (Paris: Arthur Rousseau, 1897), p. 87; Ovid, Fasti (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1951), p. 6; Alan E. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Munich: C. H. Beck’s che Verlagbuchhandlung, 1972), p. 154
A continuous seven-day cycle that runs throughout history paying no attention whatsoever to the moon and its phases is a distinctively Jewish invention [based upon principles from Babylon and Egypt]. Moreover, the dissociation of the seven-day week from nature has been one of the most significant contributions of Judaism to civilization…it facilitated the establishment of what Lewis Mumford identified as “mechanical periodicity thus essentially increasing the distance between human beings and nature. Quasi weeks [weeks whose cycle restarts with the New Moon] and weeks [continuously cycling] actually represent two fundamentally distinct modes of temporal organization of human life, the former involving partial adaptation to nature, and the latter stressing total emancipation from it. The invention of the continuous week was therefore one of the most significant breakthroughs in human beings’ attempts to break away from being prisoners of nature [time beaconed by the sun, moon, and stars] and create a social world of their own. The Seven Day Circle: The History and Meaning of the Week, Eviatar Zerubavel, New York: The Free Press, 1985. p.11
It was only in Alexandria [Egypt] that three distinct practices that had evolved quite independently of the Chaldean planetary theory — an astronomical practice of arranging the seven planets in a certain invariable order, a mathematical practice of subdividing the daily cycle into twenty-four hours, and an astrological theory known as the doctrine of “Chronocratores” — were nevertheless integrated with it so as to produce the astrological seven-day week in its final form. This cycle is therefore the product of the successful Hellenistic fusion of astronomy, astrology, and mathematics, as well as the great cultural heritage of Egypt, Babylonia, and Greece. (The Seven Day Circle: The History and Meaning of the Week, Eviatar Zerubavel, New York: The Free Press, 1985. p.14)
The Babylonians, at a very early period, divided their months into seven-day cycles…. Ancient History, Hutton Webster, p. 20
Quasi [lunar] weeks and [continuous] weeks actually represent two fundamentally distinct modes of temporal organization of human life, the former involving partial adaptation to nature, and the latter stressing total emancipation from it. The invention of the continuous week was therefore one of the most significant breakthroughs in human beings’ attempts to break away from being prisoners of nature [and from under the Creator’s law] and create a social world of their own. Eviatar Zerubavel, The Seven Day Circle: the History and Meaning of the Week, The Free Press, New York, 1985, p. 11
Most theologians and some scholars assume that mainstream Jewish society, at the time of Jesus…was practicing a fixed seven-day week which was the same as the modern fixed [cycling planetary designations] seven-day week. This is extremely doubtful. The change, from a lunar to a fixed week, was brought about by the power and influence of Rome. As long as the Nazarenes held power in Jerusalem, all Roman practices and customs, including that of the consecutive week, were held at bay. Shawui Sabbath: Ancient Sabbath Observance
In AD 351-352 Roman persecution flared and the Jews revolted. They were soon crushed. Many Jewish towns were destroyed and decrees issued against the local authorities and against Judaism. The privileges of the head of the Sanhedrin and the freedoms of the Sanhedrin itself were curtailed. Roman pressure to conform “Jewish” TIME to Roman TIME had reached crisis level. ibid Under this pressure Hillel II agreed to limit the functions of the head of the Sanhedrin, as well as the Sanhedrin itself, with respect to proclaiming the New Moon, setting festival dates, and employing intercalation [inserting the 13th lunar month]. With the decline of the Jewish power-base in Israel, the Jewish community in Babylon had been rising in influence to fill the vacuum. Hillel II published details informing all Jews of the methods of the [new] calculated calendar developed in Babylon. From that time on the Sanhedrin in Judea ceased to function or to maintain calendar experts. Hillel II is thus given the credit for the present fixed Rabbinical calendar, but in reality it originated in Babylon and was just the starting point of the development of the Rabbinical calendar in use today.” Encyclopedia Judaica, s.v. “Hillel”. The arrangement of the Jewish calendar as used in the time of Christ is no longer operative. Modern Jews are divided into two classes. The Karaite Jews, whose numbers are small, reject tradition and the Talmud, observe their feasts and festivals more nearly with those of Christ’s time as regards the true season. The larger number of Jews follow the Rabbinical Calendar, the product of Rabbi Hillel II and others about 353 A.D. These incorporated into it many of the ancient rules of calculation, but begin their year, and feasts and festivals a month earlier in the season than the Karaites. We have in 1844 the atonement by the Rabbinical Calendar would be September 23rd, while by the Karaites it was about that time in October. By the Rabbinical calendar the First day of Nisan is always between March 12 and April 11, and is always one of four days, Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday or Saturday the first one after the new moon for that month. Creation Centered in Christ, by H.G. Guinness, D.D., page 276. Also from Approximate Chronology, H. H. Perry, p. 21-22.
Constantine’s Creed shows that at least some believers were still keeping New Moon Day, in that Constantine’s Creed mentions how followers of Christanity, a mixing of Paganism with YHWH’s way / Torah, should not be keeping New Moon Day, including the weekly Sabbath. While Constantine’s name is on the Constantine Creed, he is not solely responsible for its content. The Bishops of Rome and Italy were largely responsible for the content of this creed. The Bishops who believed in the Hebrew Roots of their faith were not invited to the Synod aka convention. Constantine blessed the creeds that came from the conference that decided upon this creed.
Saying that the first sighting of the crescent moon to mark the new moon day came from the Muslims is not accurate. This practice actually predates Islam and was observed by several ancient civilizations, including the Babylonians, Egyptians, and pre-Islamic Arabs. It’s also found in the Talmud (I understand you probably don’t view the Talmud as authoritative, but that doesn’t mean everything in there is without merit), where the Israelites followed a similar tradition of marking the new moon by the first visible crescent.
The fact that NASA’s definition of the new moon on their website agrees with when you say the new moon is gives me pause. NASA’s definition raises some concerns for me, as my personal research into them has exposed many lies they’ve made. I’m also not sure if what you’re saying about Genesis 1:1, where “in the beginning” represents the new moon and that it was all dark—hence the new moon day should fall on the conjunction—is an accurate interpretation, as it doesn’t appear you’ve provided anything definitive to prove that, other than interpretation. I would need to see a more in-depth analysis of Genesis 1:1 before I could accept that.
Regarding the first visible crescent moon, look into the history of the Karaite Jewish sect starting. And this starting because connections to Muslims is correct. I have lots of research and notes I hope to turn into a post on this one day. The Talmud shows, as long with the mentioned history, shows it was calculated until that point.
Satan mixes truth with error, so if you are not going to believe something because of some origination states it also, you are missing the whole picture.
My concern is with the cycle of 6 days of work followed by 1 day of rest, as outlined in scripture. It seems that the pattern of “6 days labor, rest; 6 days labor, rest” is what the scriptures present. However, when the sabbath is observed after the new moon, there are times when a day or two of waiting after the conjunction is required before the new moon can be officially counted as the first day. This creates a disruption in the 6 days of work and 1 day of rest cycle, potentially leading to a work period longer than 6 days before the rest day. It appears those days aren’t being counted before the new moon, but does scripture say some days don’t count as days? I don’t think so. How do we account for this shift in the cycle when the sabbath follows the new moon? More importantly, can this shift be reconciled with scripture?
The Lunar Weekly Sabbath and along with the New Moon being a Moonly Sabbath is in the scriptures as outlined in the post. Yes we are to work six days and then rest at least one day. No where in scriptures does it state that the rest after the six days is always only one day. In fact the first three moons of the exodus with Moses shows that the weekly Sabbath was 8, 15, 22, and 29 of the moon. That is only possible with the Lunar Sabbath. Videos 2 through 5 of this YouTube playlist I made show that from the scriptures https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLq6UHU56ks7swXWe1_ZOSaVGFrnaBT8V3 . I need to write an article on this. But all the weekly sabbaths in the scriptures that have enough information to figure out what day of the week they are, they are always on the 8, 15, 22 and 29 of the moon.
The waiting after the New Moon is a false tradition from the Jews with Hillel II because the Jews were being forced to keep the continuous pagan seven day week. And Hillel knew that 10th day of the 1st could not be a Sabbath because we are to buy the lamb for Passover on that day. No where in scriptures is there postponement days, that is simply a false tradition of men.
I appreciate your response and would love to see a write-up addressing this head-on. What really threw me off was this guy’s video — it has made me question whether keeping the Lunar Weekly Sabbath is correct. He presents some convincing arguments that I haven’t had the time or emotional energy to debunk yet.
I would really appreciate it if you could directly address the claims in this video. He makes it seem like a closed case, as if his argument is irrefutable:
In the first section, he lays out what he claims are definitive scriptural proofs against the Lunar Sabbath. Later, he presents historical documents arguing that, despite the Gregorian calendar being introduced by the “beast,” it has still preserved an unbroken weekly cycle. He references history from the Maccabean Revolt and other sources to support his claims.
We are still following the Lunar Sabbath, but this video has made me question things. I’d really appreciate your insights.
If you want to join a fellowship and scripture study, https://seekingyhwh.org/scripture-study/ , I’m happy to talk about issues, preferably recorded, such that it can help others also.
It seems he knows just enough history to convience himself and others, but he leaves out older history that disproves his point.
I should know better than to take the easy way out and ask someone else to watch a video for me and give me the answers. I need to put in the hard work, figure things out for myself, and come to my own conclusions—which I have been doing. But at a certain point, it all becomes emotionally exhausting, sifting through so many disputes.
That said, the fight must continue on my own. It’s the only true way. In my experience, joining fellowships always leads to groupthink. I’ve never found one where that wasn’t the case. Those who think differently from the consensus always seem to get weeded out eventually.
I’m happy to help with the major points in the video that are troubling for you. But me just watching it, I wont know what about the video was troubling for you.
FYI coming me for help, leads to groupthink. And the scriptures bring out how we are to meet together often. Yes many groups tend to do just group think. Watch a video from a recorded session that interests you from mine and see what you think https://seekingyhwh.org/scripture-study/ .
But seriously if you are worried about groupthink, why are you asking anyone questions?
The question should be not are they thinking the same, because the coming Zion people will be thinking the same. The question should be what standard are they thinking by. As Zion will be Torah, and for a good fellowship it will also be Torah. We strive to live and teach Torah from the written word and not the false traditions of the Rabbis.
To get Pentecost / Shavuot on the right day there are two counts. One of weekly sabbaths aka sabbaths complete, and then of days. Which is one way that the new moon days were not counted see https://seekingyhwh.org/resources/high-holidays/ for more details.
Seeking YHWH 
A very valuable study of the Lunar Month calendar of Israel.
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Thanks I hope it ill help people learn and then have courage to keep New Moon Day and the Lunar Sabbath.
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A couple of things here:
Saying that the first sighting of the crescent moon to mark the new moon day came from the Muslims is not accurate. This practice actually predates Islam and was observed by several ancient civilizations, including the Babylonians, Egyptians, and pre-Islamic Arabs. It’s also found in the Talmud (I understand you probably don’t view the Talmud as authoritative, but that doesn’t mean everything in there is without merit), where the Israelites followed a similar tradition of marking the new moon by the first visible crescent.
The fact that NASA’s definition of the new moon on their website agrees with when you say the new moon is gives me pause. NASA’s definition raises some concerns for me, as my personal research into them has exposed many lies they’ve made. I’m also not sure if what you’re saying about Genesis 1:1, where “in the beginning” represents the new moon and that it was all dark—hence the new moon day should fall on the conjunction—is an accurate interpretation, as it doesn’t appear you’ve provided anything definitive to prove that, other than interpretation. I would need to see a more in-depth analysis of Genesis 1:1 before I could accept that.
Otherwise, thanks for writing all this up!
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Regarding the first visible crescent moon, look into the history of the Karaite Jewish sect starting. And this starting because connections to Muslims is correct. I have lots of research and notes I hope to turn into a post on this one day. The Talmud shows, as long with the mentioned history, shows it was calculated until that point.
Satan mixes truth with error, so if you are not going to believe something because of some origination states it also, you are missing the whole picture.
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I have a sincere question:
My concern is with the cycle of 6 days of work followed by 1 day of rest, as outlined in scripture. It seems that the pattern of “6 days labor, rest; 6 days labor, rest” is what the scriptures present. However, when the sabbath is observed after the new moon, there are times when a day or two of waiting after the conjunction is required before the new moon can be officially counted as the first day. This creates a disruption in the 6 days of work and 1 day of rest cycle, potentially leading to a work period longer than 6 days before the rest day. It appears those days aren’t being counted before the new moon, but does scripture say some days don’t count as days? I don’t think so. How do we account for this shift in the cycle when the sabbath follows the new moon? More importantly, can this shift be reconciled with scripture?
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The Lunar Weekly Sabbath and along with the New Moon being a Moonly Sabbath is in the scriptures as outlined in the post. Yes we are to work six days and then rest at least one day. No where in scriptures does it state that the rest after the six days is always only one day. In fact the first three moons of the exodus with Moses shows that the weekly Sabbath was 8, 15, 22, and 29 of the moon. That is only possible with the Lunar Sabbath. Videos 2 through 5 of this YouTube playlist I made show that from the scriptures https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLq6UHU56ks7swXWe1_ZOSaVGFrnaBT8V3 . I need to write an article on this. But all the weekly sabbaths in the scriptures that have enough information to figure out what day of the week they are, they are always on the 8, 15, 22 and 29 of the moon.
The waiting after the New Moon is a false tradition from the Jews with Hillel II because the Jews were being forced to keep the continuous pagan seven day week. And Hillel knew that 10th day of the 1st could not be a Sabbath because we are to buy the lamb for Passover on that day. No where in scriptures is there postponement days, that is simply a false tradition of men.
I have a lot of calendar history here, https://seekingyhwh.org/resources/calendar-changes/ , if you want to take a look. Including how the first day of the pagan week used to be Sat.
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Hi Steven,
I appreciate your response and would love to see a write-up addressing this head-on. What really threw me off was this guy’s video — it has made me question whether keeping the Lunar Weekly Sabbath is correct. He presents some convincing arguments that I haven’t had the time or emotional energy to debunk yet.
I would really appreciate it if you could directly address the claims in this video. He makes it seem like a closed case, as if his argument is irrefutable:
[Video Link: https://youtu.be/C3aKG9seCts?si=2_iugsdGMBOaEUfi%5D
In the first section, he lays out what he claims are definitive scriptural proofs against the Lunar Sabbath. Later, he presents historical documents arguing that, despite the Gregorian calendar being introduced by the “beast,” it has still preserved an unbroken weekly cycle. He references history from the Maccabean Revolt and other sources to support his claims.
We are still following the Lunar Sabbath, but this video has made me question things. I’d really appreciate your insights.
LikeLike
I’m not going to watch a video for 1H42M. History shows that Rome had an eight day week A – H during Yeshua’s mortal ministry. And that Sat used to be the first day of the week. See https://seekingyhwh.org/resources/calendar-changes/ . One thing I show in https://seekingyhwh.org/2024/04/07/important-coming-dates/ that Maccabees was doing lunar moonths and that the 2300 evenings and mornings has already happened.
If you want to join a fellowship and scripture study, https://seekingyhwh.org/scripture-study/ , I’m happy to talk about issues, preferably recorded, such that it can help others also.
It seems he knows just enough history to convience himself and others, but he leaves out older history that disproves his point.
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Sorry, Steven,
I should know better than to take the easy way out and ask someone else to watch a video for me and give me the answers. I need to put in the hard work, figure things out for myself, and come to my own conclusions—which I have been doing. But at a certain point, it all becomes emotionally exhausting, sifting through so many disputes.
That said, the fight must continue on my own. It’s the only true way. In my experience, joining fellowships always leads to groupthink. I’ve never found one where that wasn’t the case. Those who think differently from the consensus always seem to get weeded out eventually.
Cheers!
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I’m happy to help with the major points in the video that are troubling for you. But me just watching it, I wont know what about the video was troubling for you.
FYI coming me for help, leads to groupthink. And the scriptures bring out how we are to meet together often. Yes many groups tend to do just group think. Watch a video from a recorded session that interests you from mine and see what you think https://seekingyhwh.org/scripture-study/ .
But seriously if you are worried about groupthink, why are you asking anyone questions?
The question should be not are they thinking the same, because the coming Zion people will be thinking the same. The question should be what standard are they thinking by. As Zion will be Torah, and for a good fellowship it will also be Torah. We strive to live and teach Torah from the written word and not the false traditions of the Rabbis.
LikeLike
To get Pentecost / Shavuot on the right day there are two counts. One of weekly sabbaths aka sabbaths complete, and then of days. Which is one way that the new moon days were not counted see https://seekingyhwh.org/resources/high-holidays/ for more details.
LikeLike